#define GSCIS_TAG_SERNO               0x51
#define GSCIS_TAG_ISSUE_DATE          0x52
#define GSCIS_TAG_EXPIRE_DATE         0x53
#define GSCIS_TAG_CARD_TYPE           0x54
#define GSCIS_TAG_SECURITY_CODE       0x57
#define GSCIS_TAG_CARDID_AID          0x58

/*** PIV Codes ***/
#define NISTSP800_73_3_INSTR_GET_DATA 0xCB
#define NISTSP800_73_3_INSTR_GENAUTH  0x87

/*** PKI Information - EF 7000 ***/
#define GSCIS_TAG_CERTIFICATE         0x70
#define GSCIS_TAG_CERT_ISSUE_DATE     0x71
#define GSCIS_TAG_CERT_EXPIRE_DATE    0x72

/** Applet IDs **/
#define GSCIS_AID_CCC                 0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x16, 0xDB, 0x00
#define NISTSP800_73_3_PIV_AID        0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00

/* PIV IDs */
/** Key Identifiers (NIST SP 800-78-3, Table 6-1 **/
#define NISTSP800_78_3_KEY_PIVAUTH   0x9A
#define NISTSP800_78_3_KEY_SIGNATURE 0x9C
#define NISTSP800_78_3_KEY_KEYMGT    0x9D
#define NISTSP800_78_3_KEY_CARDAUTH  0x9E

/** Algorithm Identifiers (NIST SP 800-78-3, Table 6-2 **/
#define NISTSP800_78_3_ALGO_RSA1024  0x06
#define NISTSP800_78_3_ALGO_RSA2048  0x07

/** Object Identifiers (NIST SP 800-73-3 Part 1, Table 2) **/
#define NISTSP800_73_3_OID_PIVAUTH   0x5F, 0xC1, 0x05
#define NISTSP800_73_3_OID_SIGNATURE 0x5F, 0xC1, 0x0A
#define NISTSP800_73_3_OID_KEYMGT    0x5F, 0xC1, 0x0B
#define NISTSP800_73_3_OID_CARDAUTH  0x5F, 0xC1, 0x01

/* Maximum size of data portion of APDUs */
/** Do not set this above 250 **/
#define CACKEY_APDU_MTU               250

/* ATR If not available */
#ifndef MAX_ATR_SIZE

#  define CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_TAG_TO_STR(x) "DEBUG_DISABLED"
#  define CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_SCARDERR_TO_STR(x) "DEBUG_DISABLED"
#  define CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_OBJID_TO_STR(x) "DEBUG_DISABLED"
#  define CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_APPTYPE_TO_STR(x) "DEBUG_DISABLED"
#  define CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_ATTRIBUTE_TO_STR(x) "DEBUG_DISABLED"
#endif

typedef enum {
	CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC,
	CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV,
	CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CERT_ONLY
} cackey_pcsc_id_type;

struct cackey_pcsc_identity {
	unsigned char applet[7];
	uint16_t file;
	cackey_pcsc_id_type id_type;

	size_t certificate_len;
	unsigned char *certificate;

	ssize_t keysize;

	union {
		struct {
			unsigned char applet[7];
			uint16_t file;
		} cac;

		struct {
			unsigned char key_id;
		} piv;
	} card;
};

struct cackey_identity {
	struct cackey_pcsc_identity *pcsc_identity;

	CK_ATTRIBUTE *attributes;
	CK_ULONG attributes_count;

 *     cackey_pcsc_connect() if needed.
 *
 *     It will connect to the card in the reader attached to the slot
 *     specified.  It will reconnect to the card if the connection
 *     goes away.
 *
 */
static cackey_ret cackey_send_apdu(struct cackey_slot *slot, unsigned char class, unsigned char instruction, unsigned char p1, unsigned char p2, unsigned char lc, unsigned char *data, unsigned char le, uint16_t *respcode, unsigned char *respdata, size_t *respdata_len) {
static cackey_ret cackey_send_apdu(struct cackey_slot *slot, unsigned char class, unsigned char instruction, unsigned char p1, unsigned char p2, unsigned int lc, unsigned char *data, unsigned int le, uint16_t *respcode, unsigned char *respdata, size_t *respdata_len) {
	uint8_t major_rc, minor_rc;
	size_t bytes_to_copy, tmp_respdata_len;
	LPCSCARD_IO_REQUEST pioSendPci;
	DWORD protocol;
	DWORD xmit_len, recv_len;
	LONG scard_xmit_ret, scard_reconn_ret;
	BYTE xmit_buf[1024], recv_buf[1024];

		return(CACKEY_PCSC_E_GENERIC);
	}

	/* Determine which protocol to send using */
	switch (slot->protocol) {
		case SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0:
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Protocol to send datagram is T=0");

			pioSendPci = SCARD_PCI_T0;

			break;
		case SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1:
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Protocol to send datagram is T=1");

			pioSendPci = SCARD_PCI_T1;

			break;
		default:
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Invalid protocol found, aborting.");

			return(CACKEY_PCSC_E_GENERIC);
	}

	/* Transmit */
	xmit_len = 0;
	xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = class;
	xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = instruction;
	xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = p1;
	xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = p2;
	if (data) {
		if (lc > 255) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("CAUTION!  Using an Lc greater than 255 is untested.  Lc = %u", lc);

			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = 0x82; /* XXX UNTESTED */
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = (lc & 0xff00) >> 8;
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = lc & 0xff;
		} else {
		xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = lc;
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = lc;
		}
		for (idx = 0; idx < lc; idx++) {
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = data[idx];
		}
	}

	if (le != 0x00) {
		if (le > 256) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("CAUTION!  Using an Le greater than 256 is untested.  Le = %u", le);

			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = 0x82; /* XXX UNTESTED */
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = (le & 0xff00) >> 8;
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = le & 0xff;
		} else if (le == 256) {
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = 0x00;
		} else {
		xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = le;
			xmit_buf[xmit_len++] = le;
		}
	}

	/* Begin Smartcard Transaction */
	cackey_begin_transaction(slot);

	if (class == GSCIS_CLASS_ISO7816 && instruction == GSCIS_INSTR_VERIFY && p1 == 0x00 && p2 == 0x00) {
	if (class == GSCIS_CLASS_ISO7816 && instruction == GSCIS_INSTR_VERIFY && p1 == 0x00) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Sending APDU: <<censored>>");
	} else {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("Sending APDU:", xmit_buf, xmit_len);
	}

	recv_len = sizeof(recv_buf);
	scard_xmit_ret = SCardTransmit(slot->pcsc_card, pioSendPci, xmit_buf, xmit_len, NULL, recv_buf, &recv_len);

	}


	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("APDU Returned an error, returning in failure");

	return(CACKEY_PCSC_E_GENERIC);
}

static unsigned char *cackey_read_bertlv_tag(unsigned char *buffer, size_t *buffer_len_p, unsigned char tag, unsigned char *outbuffer, size_t *outbuffer_len_p) {
	unsigned char *buffer_p;
	size_t outbuffer_len, buffer_len;
	size_t size;
	int idx;

	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Called.");

	if (buffer_len_p == NULL) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("buffer_len_p is NULL.  Returning in failure.");

		return(NULL);
	}

	if (outbuffer_len_p == NULL) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("outbuffer_len_p is NULL.  Returning in failure.");

		return(NULL);
	}

	buffer_len = *outbuffer_len_p;
	outbuffer_len = *outbuffer_len_p;

	buffer_p = buffer;
	if (buffer_p[0] != tag) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Tag found was not tag expected.  Tag = %02x, Expected = %02x.  Returning in failure.", (unsigned int) buffer_p[0], tag);

		return(NULL);
	}

	buffer_p++;
	buffer_len--;

	if ((buffer_p[0] & 0x80) == 0x80) {
		size = 0;
		idx = (buffer_p[0] & 0x7f);

		if (idx > buffer_len) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Malformed BER value -- not enough bytes available to read length (idx = %i, buffer_len = %lu)", idx, (unsigned long) buffer_len);

			return(NULL);
		}

		for (; idx > 0; idx--) {
			buffer_p++;
			buffer_len--;

			size <<= 8;
			size |= buffer_p[0];
		}
	} else {
		size = buffer_p[0];
	}

	buffer_p++;
	buffer_len--;

	if (size > outbuffer_len) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Unable to copy value buffer to outbuffer, not enough room.  Value buffer length = %lu, out buffer length = %lu", (unsigned long) size, (unsigned long) outbuffer_len);

		return(NULL);
	}

	*outbuffer_len_p = size;
	if (outbuffer) {
		memcpy(outbuffer, buffer_p, size);
		buffer_p += size;
		buffer_len -= size;

		*buffer_len_p = buffer_len;

		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("BER-TLV results:", outbuffer, size);
	} else {
		memmove(buffer, buffer_p, size);
		buffer_p = buffer;

		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("BER-TLV results:", buffer, size);
	}

	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Returning in success.  Size of contents for tag %02x is %lu", (unsigned int) tag, (unsigned long) size);

	return(buffer_p);
}

/*
 * SYNPOSIS
 *     ssize_t cackey_get_data(struct cackey_slot *slot, unsigned char *buffer, size_t buffer_len, unsigned char oid[3]);
 *
 * ARGUMENTS
 *     struct cackey_slot *slot
 *         Slot to send commands to
 *
 *     unsigned char *buffer
 *         [OUT] Buffer
 *
 *     size_t buffer_len
 *         Number of bytes to attempt to read
 *
 *     unsigned char oid[3]
 *         3-byte OID to read
 *
 *
 * RETURN VALUE
 *     This function returns the number of bytes actually read, or -1 on error.
 *
 * NOTES
 *     None
 *
 */
static ssize_t cackey_get_data(struct cackey_slot *slot, unsigned char *buffer, size_t buffer_len, unsigned char oid[3]) {
	unsigned char cmd[] = {0x5C, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
	unsigned char *buffer_p;
	size_t init_buffer_len, size;
	uint16_t respcode;
	int send_ret;

	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Called.");

	init_buffer_len = buffer_len;

	cmd[2] = oid[0];
	cmd[3] = oid[1];
	cmd[4] = oid[2];

	/* 256 to indicate the largest message size -- not clear if this will work with all messages */
	send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, GSCIS_CLASS_ISO7816, NISTSP800_73_3_INSTR_GET_DATA, 0x3F, 0xFF, sizeof(cmd), cmd, 256, &respcode, buffer, &buffer_len);

	if (send_ret == CACKEY_PCSC_E_RETRY) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("ADPU Sending failed, retrying read buffer");

		return(cackey_get_data(slot, buffer, init_buffer_len, oid));
	}

	if (send_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("cackey_send_apdu() failed, returning in failure");

		return(-1);
	}

#ifdef CACKEY_PARANOID
#  ifdef _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX
	if (buffer_len > _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Read bytes (buffer_len) exceeds maximum value, returning in failure. (max = %li, buffer_len = %lu)", (long) _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX, (unsigned long) buffer_len);

		return(-1);
	}
#  endif
#endif

	if (buffer_len < 2) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("APDU GET DATA returned %lu bytes, which is too short for a BER-TLV response", (unsigned long) buffer_len);

		return(-1);
	}

	size = buffer_len;
	buffer_p = cackey_read_bertlv_tag(buffer, &buffer_len, 0x53, NULL, &size);

	if (buffer_p == NULL) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Tag decoding failed, returning in error.");

		return(-1);
	}

	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("GET DATA result", buffer, size);

	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Returning in success, read %lu bytes", (unsigned long) size);

	return(size);
}

/*
 * SYNPOSIS
 *     ssize_t cackey_read_buffer(struct cackey_slot *slot, unsigned char *buffer, size_t count, unsigned char t_or_v, size_t initial_offset);
 *
 * ARGUMENTS
 *     struct cackey_slot *slot

	}

	if (dest == NULL) {
		dest = malloc(sizeof(*dest) * count);
	}

	for (idx = 0; idx < count; idx++) {
		dest[idx].id_type = start[idx].id_type;
		memcpy(dest[idx].applet, start[idx].applet, sizeof(dest[idx].applet));
		dest[idx].file = start[idx].file;

		switch (dest[idx].id_type) {
			case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC:
				memcpy(dest[idx].card.cac.applet, start[idx].card.cac.applet, sizeof(dest[idx].card.cac.applet));
				dest[idx].card.cac.file = start[idx].card.cac.file;
				break;
			case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV:
				dest[idx].card.piv.key_id = start[idx].card.piv.key_id;
				break;
			case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CERT_ONLY:
				break;
		}
		dest[idx].certificate_len = start[idx].certificate_len;
		dest[idx].keysize = start[idx].keysize;

		dest[idx].certificate = malloc(dest[idx].certificate_len);
		memcpy(dest[idx].certificate, start[idx].certificate, dest[idx].certificate_len);
	}

 * NOTES
 *     ...
 *
 */
static struct cackey_pcsc_identity *cackey_read_certs(struct cackey_slot *slot, struct cackey_pcsc_identity *certs, unsigned long *count) {
	struct cackey_pcsc_identity *curr_id;
	struct cackey_tlv_entity *ccc_tlv, *ccc_curr, *app_tlv, *app_curr;
	unsigned char ccc_aid[] = {GSCIS_AID_CCC};
	unsigned char ccc_aid[] = {GSCIS_AID_CCC}, piv_aid[] = {NISTSP800_73_3_PIV_AID};
	unsigned char *piv_oid, piv_oid_pivauth[] = {NISTSP800_73_3_OID_PIVAUTH}, piv_oid_signature[] = {NISTSP800_73_3_OID_SIGNATURE}, piv_oid_keymgt[] = {NISTSP800_73_3_OID_KEYMGT};
	unsigned char curr_aid[7];
	unsigned char buffer[8192], *buffer_p;
	unsigned long outidx = 0;
	cackey_ret transaction_ret;
	ssize_t read_ret;
	size_t buffer_len;
	int certs_resizable;
	int send_ret, select_ret;
	int piv_key, piv = 0;
	int idx;

	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Called.");

	if (count == NULL) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("count is NULL, returning in failure");

		return(NULL);

	} else {
		certs_resizable = 0;
	}

	/* Select the CCC Applet */
	send_ret = cackey_select_applet(slot, ccc_aid, sizeof(ccc_aid));
	if (send_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
		/* Try PIV application */
		send_ret = cackey_select_applet(slot, piv_aid, sizeof(piv_aid));
		if (send_ret == CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("We have a PIV card -- not using the CCC, pulling pre-selected keys");

			piv = 1;
		} else {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Unable to select CCC Applet, returning in failure");
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Unable to select CCC Applet, returning in failure");

		/* Terminate SmartCard Transaction */
		cackey_end_transaction(slot);
			/* Terminate SmartCard Transaction */
			cackey_end_transaction(slot);

		return(NULL);
	}

			return(NULL);
		}
	}
	/* Read all the applets from the CCC's TLV */
	ccc_tlv = cackey_read_tlv(slot);

	/* Look for CARDURLs that coorespond to PKI applets */
	for (ccc_curr = ccc_tlv; ccc_curr; ccc_curr = ccc_curr->_next) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Found tag: %s ... ", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_TAG_TO_STR(ccc_curr->tag));

	if (piv) {
		if (ccc_curr->tag != GSCIS_TAG_CARDURL) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("  ... skipping it (we only care about CARDURLs)");

			continue;
		for (idx = 0; idx < 3; idx++) {
			switch (idx) {
				case 0:
		}

					piv_oid = piv_oid_pivauth;
		if ((ccc_curr->value_cardurl->apptype & CACKEY_TLV_APP_PKI) != CACKEY_TLV_APP_PKI) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("  ... skipping it (we only care about PKI applets, this applet supports: %s/%02x)", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_APPTYPE_TO_STR(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->apptype), (unsigned int) ccc_curr->value_cardurl->apptype);

			continue;
					piv_key = NISTSP800_78_3_KEY_PIVAUTH;
					break;
		}

				case 1:
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("RID:", ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid, sizeof(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid));
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("AppID = %s/%04lx", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_OBJID_TO_STR(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid), (unsigned long) ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid);
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("ObjectID = %s/%04lx", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_OBJID_TO_STR(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid), (unsigned long) ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid);

					piv_oid = piv_oid_signature;
		memcpy(curr_aid, ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid, sizeof(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid));
		curr_aid[sizeof(curr_aid) - 2] = (ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid >> 8) & 0xff;
		curr_aid[sizeof(curr_aid) - 1] = ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid & 0xff;

					piv_key = NISTSP800_78_3_KEY_SIGNATURE;
		/* Select found applet ... */
		select_ret = cackey_select_applet(slot, curr_aid, sizeof(curr_aid));
		if (select_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Failed to select applet, skipping processing of this object");

			continue;
					break;
				case 2:
		}

					piv_oid = piv_oid_keymgt;
		/* ... and object (file) */
		select_ret = cackey_select_file(slot, ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid);
		if (select_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Failed to select file, skipping processing of this object");

			continue;
		}
					piv_key = NISTSP800_78_3_KEY_KEYMGT;
					break;
			}

		/* Process this file's TLV looking for certificates */
		app_tlv = cackey_read_tlv(slot);
			read_ret = cackey_get_data(slot, buffer, sizeof(buffer), piv_oid);

		for (app_curr = app_tlv; app_curr; app_curr = app_curr->_next) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Found tag: %s", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_TAG_TO_STR(app_curr->tag));
			if (app_curr->tag != GSCIS_TAG_CERTIFICATE) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("  ... skipping it (we only care about CERTIFICATEs)");

			if (read_ret <= 0) {
				continue;
			}

			curr_id = &certs[outidx];
			outidx++;

			curr_id->keysize = -1;
			curr_id->id_type = CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV;
			curr_id->card.piv.key_id = piv_key;

			curr_id->certificate_len = read_ret;
			curr_id->certificate = malloc(curr_id->certificate_len);

			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("Pre-shrink (-4header, -5trailer) == ", buffer, curr_id->certificate_len);

			buffer_len = sizeof(buffer);
			buffer_p = cackey_read_bertlv_tag(buffer, &buffer_len, 0x70, curr_id->certificate, &curr_id->certificate_len);

			if (buffer_p == NULL) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Reading certificate from BER-TLV response failed, skipping key %i", idx);
				free(curr_id->certificate);

				outidx--;

				continue;
			}

			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("Post-shrink (-4header, -5trailer) == ", curr_id->certificate, curr_id->certificate_len);
		}
	} else {
		/* Read all the applets from the CCC's TLV */
		ccc_tlv = cackey_read_tlv(slot);

		/* Look for CARDURLs that coorespond to PKI applets */
		for (ccc_curr = ccc_tlv; ccc_curr; ccc_curr = ccc_curr->_next) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Found tag: %s ... ", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_TAG_TO_STR(ccc_curr->tag));

			if (ccc_curr->tag != GSCIS_TAG_CARDURL) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("  ... skipping it (we only care about CARDURLs)");

				continue;
			}

			if ((ccc_curr->value_cardurl->apptype & CACKEY_TLV_APP_PKI) != CACKEY_TLV_APP_PKI) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("  ... skipping it (we only care about PKI applets, this applet supports: %s/%02x)", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_APPTYPE_TO_STR(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->apptype), (unsigned int) ccc_curr->value_cardurl->apptype);

				continue;
			}

			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("RID:", ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid, sizeof(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid));
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("AppID = %s/%04lx", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_OBJID_TO_STR(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid), (unsigned long) ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid);
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("ObjectID = %s/%04lx", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_OBJID_TO_STR(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid), (unsigned long) ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid);

			memcpy(curr_aid, ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid, sizeof(ccc_curr->value_cardurl->rid));
			curr_aid[sizeof(curr_aid) - 2] = (ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid >> 8) & 0xff;
			curr_aid[sizeof(curr_aid) - 1] = ccc_curr->value_cardurl->appid & 0xff;

			/* Select found applet ... */
			select_ret = cackey_select_applet(slot, curr_aid, sizeof(curr_aid));
			if (select_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Failed to select applet, skipping processing of this object");

				continue;
			}

			/* ... and object (file) */
			select_ret = cackey_select_file(slot, ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid);
			if (select_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Failed to select file, skipping processing of this object");

				continue;
			}

			/* Process this file's TLV looking for certificates */
			app_tlv = cackey_read_tlv(slot);
	
			for (app_curr = app_tlv; app_curr; app_curr = app_curr->_next) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Found tag: %s", CACKEY_DEBUG_FUNC_TAG_TO_STR(app_curr->tag));
				if (app_curr->tag != GSCIS_TAG_CERTIFICATE) {
					CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("  ... skipping it (we only care about CERTIFICATEs)");

					continue;
				}

				curr_id = &certs[outidx];
				outidx++;

				curr_id->id_type = CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC;
			memcpy(curr_id->applet, curr_aid, sizeof(curr_id->applet));
			curr_id->file = ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid;
			curr_id->keysize = -1;
				memcpy(curr_id->card.cac.applet, curr_aid, sizeof(curr_id->card.cac.applet));
				curr_id->card.cac.file = ccc_curr->value_cardurl->objectid;
				curr_id->keysize = -1;

			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Filling curr_id->applet (%p) with %lu bytes:", curr_id->applet, (unsigned long) sizeof(curr_id->applet));
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("VAL:", curr_id->applet, sizeof(curr_id->applet));
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Filling curr_id->card.cac.applet (%p) with %lu bytes:", curr_id->card.cac.applet, (unsigned long) sizeof(curr_id->card.cac.applet));
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTBUF("VAL:", curr_id->card.cac.applet, sizeof(curr_id->card.cac.applet));

			curr_id->certificate_len = app_curr->length;
				curr_id->certificate_len = app_curr->length;

			curr_id->certificate = malloc(curr_id->certificate_len);
			memcpy(curr_id->certificate, app_curr->value, curr_id->certificate_len);
				curr_id->certificate = malloc(curr_id->certificate_len);
				memcpy(curr_id->certificate, app_curr->value, curr_id->certificate_len);

			if (outidx >= *count) {
				if (certs_resizable) {
					*count *= 2;
					certs = realloc(certs, sizeof(*certs) * (*count));
				} else {
					break;
				}
			}
		}
				if (outidx >= *count) {
					if (certs_resizable) {
						*count *= 2;
						certs = realloc(certs, sizeof(*certs) * (*count));
					} else {
						break;
					}
				}
			}

		cackey_free_tlv(app_tlv);
			cackey_free_tlv(app_tlv);

		if (outidx >= *count) {
			break;
		}
	}
			if (outidx >= *count) {
				break;
			}
		}

	cackey_free_tlv(ccc_tlv);
		cackey_free_tlv(ccc_tlv);
	}

	*count = outidx;

	if (certs_resizable) {
		certs = realloc(certs, sizeof(*certs) * (*count));
	}

 *     ...
 *
 * NOTES
 *     ...
 *
 */
static ssize_t cackey_signdecrypt(struct cackey_slot *slot, struct cackey_identity *identity, unsigned char *buf, size_t buflen, unsigned char *outbuf, size_t outbuflen, int padInput, int unpadOutput) {
	cackey_pcsc_id_type id_type;
	unsigned char dyn_auth_template[10];
	unsigned char *tmpbuf, *tmpbuf_s, *outbuf_s;
	unsigned char bytes_to_send, p1;
	unsigned char *tmpbuf, *tmpbuf_s, *outbuf_s, *outbuf_p;
	unsigned char bytes_to_send, p1, class;
	unsigned char blocktype;
	cackey_ret send_ret;
	uint16_t respcode;
	ssize_t retval = 0, unpadoffset;
	size_t tmpbuflen, padlen, tmpoutbuflen;
	size_t tmpbuflen, padlen, tmpoutbuflen, outbuf_len;
	int free_tmpbuf = 0;
	int le;

	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Called.");

	if (slot == NULL) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Error.  slot is NULL");

	}

	if (identity->pcsc_identity == NULL) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Error.  identity->pcsc_identity is NULL");

		return(-1);
	}

	id_type = identity->pcsc_identity->id_type;
	if (id_type == CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CERT_ONLY) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Error.  identity->pcsc_identity is CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CERT_ONLY, which cannot be used for sign/decrypt");

		return(-1);
	}

	switch (id_type) {
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV:
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC:
			break;
		default:
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Error.  identity->pcsc_identity is not a supported value. Type is: 0x%lx (PIV = 0x%lx, CAC = 0x%lx)", (unsigned long) id_type, (unsigned long) CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV, (unsigned long) CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC);

			return(-1);
	}

	/* Determine identity Key size */
	if (identity->pcsc_identity->keysize < 0) {
		identity->pcsc_identity->keysize = x509_to_keysize(identity->pcsc_identity->certificate, identity->pcsc_identity->certificate_len);
	}

	/* Pad message to key size */

		padlen = 0;
	}

	/* Begin transaction */
	cackey_begin_transaction(slot);

	/* Select correct applet */
	switch (id_type) {
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC:
	CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Selecting applet found at %p ...", identity->pcsc_identity->applet);
	cackey_select_applet(slot, identity->pcsc_identity->applet, sizeof(identity->pcsc_identity->applet));
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Selecting applet found at %p ...", identity->pcsc_identity->card.cac.applet);
			cackey_select_applet(slot, identity->pcsc_identity->card.cac.applet, sizeof(identity->pcsc_identity->card.cac.applet));

	/* Select correct file */
	cackey_select_file(slot, identity->pcsc_identity->file);
			/* Select correct file */
			cackey_select_file(slot, identity->pcsc_identity->card.cac.file);
			break;
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV:
			dyn_auth_template[0] = 0x7C;
			dyn_auth_template[1] = 0x82;
			dyn_auth_template[2] = ((tmpbuflen + 6) & 0xff00) >> 8;
			dyn_auth_template[3] = (tmpbuflen + 6) & 0x00ff;
			dyn_auth_template[4] = 0x82;
			dyn_auth_template[5] = 0x00;
			dyn_auth_template[6] = 0x81;
			dyn_auth_template[7] = 0x82;
			dyn_auth_template[8] = (tmpbuflen & 0xff00) >> 8;
			dyn_auth_template[9] = tmpbuflen & 0x00ff;

			send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, 0x10, NISTSP800_73_3_INSTR_GENAUTH, NISTSP800_78_3_ALGO_RSA2048, identity->pcsc_identity->card.piv.key_id, sizeof(dyn_auth_template), dyn_auth_template, 0x00, NULL, NULL, NULL);
			break;
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CERT_ONLY:
			break;
	}

	tmpbuf_s = tmpbuf;
	outbuf_s = outbuf;
	while (tmpbuflen) {
		tmpoutbuflen = outbuflen;

		if (tmpbuflen > 245) {
			bytes_to_send = 245;
			p1 = 0x80;
			le = 0x00;
		} else {
		if (tmpbuflen > CACKEY_APDU_MTU) {
			bytes_to_send = CACKEY_APDU_MTU;
		} else {
			bytes_to_send = tmpbuflen;
		}

		send_ret = CACKEY_PCSC_E_GENERIC;
		switch (id_type) {
			case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC:
				if (tmpbuflen > CACKEY_APDU_MTU) {
					p1 = 0x80;
					le = 0x00;
				} else {
			bytes_to_send = tmpbuflen;
			p1 = 0x00;
			le = 0x00;
		}
					p1 = 0x00;
					le = 0x00;
				}

				send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, GSCIS_CLASS_GLOBAL_PLATFORM, GSCIS_INSTR_SIGNDECRYPT, p1, 0x00, bytes_to_send, tmpbuf, le, &respcode, outbuf, &tmpoutbuflen);
				break;
			case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV:
				if (tmpbuflen > CACKEY_APDU_MTU) {
					class = 0x10;
					le = 0x00;
				} else {
					class = GSCIS_CLASS_ISO7816;
					le = 256;
				}
		tmpoutbuflen = outbuflen;

		send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, GSCIS_CLASS_GLOBAL_PLATFORM, GSCIS_INSTR_SIGNDECRYPT, p1, 0x00, bytes_to_send, tmpbuf, le, &respcode, outbuf, &tmpoutbuflen);

				send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, class, NISTSP800_73_3_INSTR_GENAUTH, NISTSP800_78_3_ALGO_RSA2048, identity->pcsc_identity->card.piv.key_id, bytes_to_send, tmpbuf, le, &respcode, outbuf, &tmpoutbuflen);
				break;
			case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CERT_ONLY:
				break;
		}

		if (send_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("ADPU Sending Failed -- returning in error.");

			if (free_tmpbuf) {
				if (tmpbuf_s) {
					free(tmpbuf_s);
				}

	if (outbuflen > _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX) {
		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Outbuflen exceeds maximum value, returning in failure. (max = %li, outbuflen = %lu)", (long) _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX, (unsigned long) outbuflen);

		return(-1);
	}
#  endif
#endif

	/* We must remove the "7C" tag to get to the signature */
	switch (id_type) {
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_PIV:
			outbuf_len = retval;
			outbuf_p = cackey_read_bertlv_tag(outbuf, &outbuf_len, 0x7C, NULL,  &outbuf_len);
			if (outbuf_p == NULL) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Response from PIV for GENERATE AUTHENTICATION was not a 0x7C tag, returning in failure");

				return(-1);
			}

			retval = outbuf_len;

			outbuf_len = retval;
			outbuf_p = cackey_read_bertlv_tag(outbuf, &outbuf_len, 0x82, NULL,  &outbuf_len);
			if (outbuf_p == NULL) {
				CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Response from PIV for GENERATE AUTHENTICATION was not a 0x82 with then 0x7C tag, returning in failure");

				return(-1);
			}

			retval = outbuf_len;

			break;
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CAC:
		case CACKEY_ID_TYPE_CERT_ONLY:
			break;
	}

	/* Unpad reply */
	if (unpadOutput) {
		if (retval < 3) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Reply is too small, we are not able to unpad -- passing back and hoping for the best!");

			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Returning in success, retval = %li (bytes)", (long) retval);

 *
 */
static cackey_ret cackey_login(struct cackey_slot *slot, unsigned char *pin, unsigned long pin_len, int *tries_remaining_p) {
	unsigned char cac_pin[8] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
	uint16_t response_code;
	int tries_remaining;
	int send_ret;
	int key_reference = 0x00;

	/* Indicate that we do not know about how many tries are remaining */
	if (tries_remaining_p) {
		*tries_remaining_p = -1;
	}

	/* Apparently, CAC PINs are *EXACTLY* 8 bytes long -- pad with 0xFF if too short */
	if (pin_len >= 8) {
		memcpy(cac_pin, pin, 8);
	} else {
		memcpy(cac_pin, pin, pin_len);
	}

	/* Issue PIN Verify */
	send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, GSCIS_CLASS_ISO7816, GSCIS_INSTR_VERIFY, 0x00, 0x00, sizeof(cac_pin), cac_pin, 0x00, &response_code, NULL, NULL);
	send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, GSCIS_CLASS_ISO7816, GSCIS_INSTR_VERIFY, 0x00, key_reference, sizeof(cac_pin), cac_pin, 0x00, &response_code, NULL, NULL);
	if (send_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK && response_code == 0x6A88) {
		key_reference = 0x80;

		send_ret = cackey_send_apdu(slot, GSCIS_CLASS_ISO7816, GSCIS_INSTR_VERIFY, 0x00, key_reference, sizeof(cac_pin), cac_pin, 0x00, &response_code, NULL, NULL);
	}

	if (send_ret != CACKEY_PCSC_S_OK) {
		if ((response_code & 0x63C0) == 0x63C0) {
			tries_remaining = (response_code & 0xF);

			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("PIN Verification failed, %i tries remaining", tries_remaining);

			if (tries_remaining_p) {

				memcpy(identities[id_idx].pcsc_identity->certificate, pcsc_identities[cert_idx].certificate, pcsc_identities[cert_idx].certificate_len);

				id_idx++;
			}
		}

		if (include_extra_certs) {
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Including DoD Certificates on hardware slot");
			CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Including US Government Certificates on hardware slot");

			cackey_read_dod_identities(identities + id_idx, num_dod_certs);
		}

		cackey_free_certs(pcsc_identities, num_certs, 1);

		*ids_found = num_ids;

	} else {
		highest_slot = (sizeof(cackey_slots) / sizeof(cackey_slots[0])) - 1;

		CACKEY_DEBUG_PRINTF("Including DoD certs in slot %lu", (unsigned long) highest_slot);

		cackey_slots[highest_slot].active = 1;
		cackey_slots[highest_slot].internal = 1;
		cackey_slots[highest_slot].label = (unsigned char *) "DoD Certificates";
		cackey_slots[highest_slot].label = (unsigned char *) "US Government Certificates";
		cackey_slots[highest_slot].pcsc_reader = "CACKey";
		cackey_slots[highest_slot].token_flags = 0;
	}

	cackey_initialized = 1;

	if (!cackey_biglock_init) {